Django Developers Survey 2023
This report is based on the third annual Django Developers Survey, conducted in September – October 2023 as a collaborative effort between the Django Software Foundation and PyCharm. To help us get a better idea of the current state of the framework and the ecosystem around it, around 4,000 Django users and enthusiasts from around the world took the survey.
Django usage
For what purposes do you mainly use Django?
Both for work and for my personal, educational, or side projects
Only for my personal, educational, or side projects
Only for work
What versions of Django do you use?100+
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| – | – | 69% | 4.2 |
| – | 55% | 25% | 4.1 |
| – | 34% | 16% | 4.0 |
| 75% | 47% | 28% | 3.2 |
| 30% | 10% | 5% | 3.1 |
| 39% | 13% | 8% | 3.0 or lower |
| 3% | 3% | 4% | I’m not sure |
When the survey was conducted in September – October 2023, 4.2, 4.1 and 3.2 were the only versions actively supported by Django. Versions 4.0, 3.1 and 3.0 and below no longer had security support.
What Django version do you use for new projects?
The latest stable release
The latest LTS release
Other
How do you create new Django projects?100+
How often do you upgrade Django in your projects?
Every stable release
LTS only
Every monthly point release
I use an unsupported version of Django
Other
Technologies and frameworks
What database backend(s) do you use?100+
What cache backend(s) do you use?100+
What GeoDjango backend(s) do you use?100+
What Django contrib apps do you find most useful?100+
What are your 3 favorite core components?100+
What template engine do you use?100+
Django templates
Jinja2
Other
None
Which types of testing are used in your project?100+
What test frameworks do you use?100+
42%
41%
pytest
33%
31%
pytest-django
31%
36%
unittest (manage.py test)
24%
21%
coverage
15%
10%
Selenium
Since last year, Selenium and Playwright have grown in popularity from 10% to 15% and from 3% to 9%, respectively. Playwright also has a nice pytest plugin and can be run in Docker containers.
Which async technologies do you use?100+
28%
25%
ASGI
25%
23%
asyncio
21%
18%
FastAPI
19%
15%
Uvicorn
18%
15%
Channels
Although Django has great built-in support for writing and deploying async views under ASGI, FastAPI is still more popular among Django developers. This might change as Django's async support continues to mature in the coming releases.
What CSS framework(s) do you use?100+
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 68% | 62% | 56% | Bootstrap |
| 15% | 22% | 29% | Tailwind CSS |
| 14% | 13% | 18% | Pure CSS |
| 12% | 9% | 11% | Material Design/Lite |
| 6% | 6% | 8% | Bulma |
| 3% | 2% | 4% | Semantic UI |
| 2% | 1% | 5% | Foundation |
| 2% | 2% | 3% | UI Kit |
| 1% | 1% | 3% | Skeleton |
| 0% | 0% | 2% | Susy |
| 4% | 5% | 5% | Other |
| 16% | 17% | 15% | None |
For the third year in a row, we continue to see a downward trend for Bootstrap and significant growth for Tailwind CSS, whose popularity has doubled in the last two years. Read this article from the package creator Tim Kamanin if you’d like to get started using Tailwind CSS in Django.
What JavaScript framework(s) do you use?100+
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37% | 36% | 35% | React |
| 37% | 32% | 31% | jQuery |
| 5% | 16% | 23% | htmx |
| 28% | 25% | 19% | Vue |
| 10% | 8% | 10% | Angular |
| 3% | 6% | 10% | Alpine.js |
| 1% | 1% | 4% | Backbone |
| – | 3% | 4% | Svelte |
| 1% | 1% | 3% | Ember |
| 0% | 0% | 3% | Mako |
| 3% | 4% | 4% | Other |
| 20% | 19% | 18% | None |
What are your 5 favorite third-party Django packages?100+
49%
60%
djangorestframework
27%
28%
django-debug-toolbar
27%
28%
django-celery
18%
17%
django-allauth
18%
18%
django-cors-headers
What do you use Django for?100+
Full-stack
REST API using DRF
Other
Development tools
What is your primary text editor or IDE?100+
What is your primary local operating system?100+
What continuous integration systems do you use?100+
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35% | 42% | 45% | GitHub Actions |
| 27% | 28% | 25% | GitLab CI |
| 12% | 10% | 11% | Jenkins/Hudson |
| 8% | 8% | 5% | CircleCI |
| – | – | 5% | AWS CodePipeline |
| – | – | 5% | Azure Pipelines |
| 6% | 2% | 4% | Travis CI |
| – | – | 4% | Google Cloud Build |
| – | – | 3% | Buildkite |
| 1% | 1% | 2% | TeamCity |
| 7% | 6% | 4% | Other |
| 32% | 28% | 25% | None |
What configuration management tools do you use?100+
What Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) tools do you use?100+
Syntax and documentation
Do you currently use type hints in your Django code?
Which type checker do you use?100+
How much do you contribute to the documentation of the software you’re involved in developing?
Some, or sometimes
A little, or hardly ever
A lot, or often
None, or never
What do you use to host and publish documentation for the software you’re involved in developing?100+
What principles do you adopt in the documentation for the software you’re involved in developing?100+
What systems and languages do you use to create and build documentation?100+
Languages and frameworks
Is Python your main programming language?
Yes
No, I use Python as a secondary language
Other
What other programming language(s) do you use in addition to Python?100+
What is your main programming language?100+
This question was shown only to those whose primary language isn't Python.
Other than Django, what web frameworks do you use?100+
Which web framework do you use the most?100+
Resources
Which of the following do you use to follow Django development?100+
54%
59%
djangoproject.com
24%
26%
Stack Overflow
21%
18%
YouTube
18%
20%
Reddit (r/django)
17%
10%
Django Forum
17%
15%
Django News Newsletter
17%
16%
I don’t follow Django development
14%
20%
X (formerly Twitter)
12%
11%
Friends
12%
11%
Hacker News
In 2023, Django started actively managing a page on Mastodon. The biggest share of Mastodon users are in North America. Meanwhile, the share of X (formerly Twitter) users slightly decreased.
Shares of Django Forum have increased from 10% to 17% since last year, and Django Discord has increased in popularity as well. djangoproject.com encourages users to go to these two channels for community and support.
Which of the following do you prefer to use to learn Django?100+
71%
80%
djangoproject.com
41%
–
StackOverflow
38%
40%
YouTube
37%
45%
Blogs
26% of developers are already using newly emerged AI tools to learn Django.
Which of the following web resources do you read or follow for Django, excluding the official Django channels?100+
Python versions
What version(s) of Python do you use?100+
65%
–
3.11
46%
58%
3.10
29%
51%
3.9
20%
36%
3.8
8%
17%
3.7
What do you typically use to upgrade your Python version?100+
Which of the following tools do you use to isolate Python environments?100+
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 44% | 55% | 52% | venv |
| 40% | 42% | 40% | Docker |
| 55% | 43% | 34% | Virtualenv |
| 13% | 19% | 21% | Poetry |
| 23% | 21% | 19% | Pipenv |
| 8% | 7% | 10% | Conda |
| 3% | 2% | 3% | Vagrant / virtual machines |
| 2% | 3% | 3% | Other |
| 3% | 3% | 5% | None |
What code formatters do you use?100+
Which top 5 Python packages do you rely on?100+
45%
55%
Psycopg2
44%
51%
Requests
34%
40%
Gunicorn
32%
36%
Celery
30%
32%
pytest
Support for psycopg 3.1.8+ was added in Django 4.2 and support for psycopg2 is likely to be deprecated and removed at some point in the future.
What linters do you use?100+
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26% | 41% | 42% | Black |
| 40% | 43% | 37% | Flake8 |
| 37% | 33% | 29% | pylint |
| 14% | 18% | 20% | mypy |
| 4% | 3% | 11% | Other |
| 26% | 23% | 21% | None |
Cloud
What cloud hosting platform do you use?100+
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 43% | 44% | 39% | AWS |
| 25% | 23% | 23% | DigitalOcean |
| 13% | 12% | 17% | Google Cloud Platform |
| 27% | 21% | 16% | Heroku |
| 11% | 10% | 13% | PythonAnywhere |
| 8% | 8% | 11% | Microsoft Azure |
| 6% | 7% | 9% | Linode |
| 1% | 1% | 5% | OpenStack |
| – | 3% | 5% | Fly.io |
| 1% | 1% | 4% | OpenShift |
| 0% | 0% | 4% | Rackspace |
| 11% | 13% | 17% | Other |
| 19% | 20% | 16% | None |
After Heroku eliminated its free product plans, its share of users dropped from 27% in 2021 to only 16% in 2023.
How do you run code in the cloud?100+
What container orchestration services do you use in production?100+
How do you develop locally for the cloud?100+
Containers
Do you use Docker containers, or something similar?100+
I use containers during development
The application I build runs in containers in production
Containers are used in the CI/CD process
No / I’m not sure
I use containers for another purpose
What do you run inside Docker containers?100+
Application code that I develop or that my team develops
Backing services that my code connects to
Utilities I use during development
Other
During development, where do you run your code?100+
Inside a virtualenv
Inside a container, on my computer
Using the system interpreter on my computer
Inside containers, on a different computer
On a different computer outside of containers
Other
How do you deploy code to remote containers during development?100+
How do you debug your application?100+
Using print or log statements
Using my IDE
Using shell / pdb
Other
Do you debug your application on remote hosts, or in containers?100+
I only use log statements
I frequently use a debugger on my application running remotely or in containers
I've attached a debugger once or twice
No
Demographics
What is your current employment status?
What is your job role?100+
What kind of activities are you focused on?100+
What is your company size?
What is the size of the team you work in within your company?
Do you work in a team or independently?
I work in a team
I work on my own project independently
I work as an external consultant or trainer
How many projects do you work on?
I work on many different projects
I work on one main project and several side projects
I only work on one project
Which of the following industries best describes your company’s business?100+
How many full years of professional coding experience do you have?
How long have you been programming in Python?
Could you tell us your age range?
18–20
21–29
30–39
40–49
50–59
60 or older
I prefer not to answer
Which region are you based in?
The Django community is growing, reaching more and more places around the world.
Last year, DjangoCon Africa was held for the first time.